Flowing Forward: Industry and Academia Explore Produced Water for Restoration

May 6, 2025 4:10 pm

Flowing Forward: Industry and Academia Explore Produced Water for Restoration

Evaluating how treated water from energy production can safely support ecological restoration

Purpose

To explore the potential for treated produced water from energy production to support ecological restoration, using greenhouse and laboratory-scale studies to assess water quality, plant health, and contaminant behavior.

Description

Through a unique partnership with an energy industry leader, this project explores the potential for using treated produced water to support native vegetation and replenish constructed wetlands in Colorado. Produced water—generated during oil and gas extraction—can be treated using advanced methods such as reverse osmosis to remove contaminants. At Water TAP, researchers are conducting controlled greenhouse experiments and laboratory-scale wetland demonstrations to evaluate how different treatment levels affect water quality, plant health, and contaminant behavior. These studies aim to determine whether produced water can safely and effectively support ecological restoration in the future.

Impact

By rigorously testing produced water in a research setting, this project provides critical data to inform future reuse strategies. Findings will help define best practices, reduce reliance on freshwater sources, and lay the groundwork for sustainable restoration approaches—if and when field-scale implementation becomes viable.

Partners

This research is supported through collaboration between Colorado State University and a private sector partner in the energy industry.

What’s in the Mix? Evaluating Media for Pollutant Removal in Nature-Based Water Systems

May 6, 2025 2:25 pm

What’s in the Mix? Evaluating Media for Pollutant Removal in Nature-Based Water Treatment

Building better biofilters by testing how engineered media perform in real-world systems to improve the reliability of nature-based water treatment

Purpose

To evaluate the long-term performance of natural and engineered media used in nature-based systems, focusing on their effectiveness in removing pollutants—including nutrients, metals, and PFAS—and supporting informed, sustainable decision-making for utilities and designers.

Description

Funded by the Water Research Foundation (WRF #5257), this project evaluates natural and engineered filter media to enhance the performance of Nature-Based Systems (NbS) for water quality treatment. Researchers are assessing how well various materials remove pollutants like nutrients, metals, and PFAS, while also weighing factors like cost, maintenance, longevity, and environmental risks. Testing is conducted at Water TAP using urban stormwater, recycled water, and graywater, along with pilot-scale bioretention test plots in the Hydro Backyard. The research includes both lab-scale and field-scale experiments, culminating in a practical guidance document for utilities.

Impact

The findings will help utilities select media that balance performance with affordability and sustainability. By simplifying media comparison and supporting more informed design decisions, this project will lead to more effective and resilient green infrastructure solutions across the country.

Partners

This utility-focused research is supported by collaborative expertise in water quality and sustainable design:

Project Photo Gallery

Farming the Rooftop: Energy, Edible Crops, and Urban Innovation

May 6, 2025 2:06 pm

Farming the Rooftop: Energy, Edible Crops, and Urban Innovation

Exploring the intersection of solar energy, plant production, and sustainable design through hands-on research and innovation

Purpose

To investigate how green roofs and agrivoltaic systems can support sustainable urban agriculture, energy generation, and water-efficient plant growth, using rooftop spaces at CSU Spur as research and demonstration platforms

Description

At CSU Spur, researchers are turning rooftops into research spaces to explore how urban infrastructure can support food production, biodiversity, and energy generation. The green roof atop the Terra building serves as a public-facing living lab to study plant-pollinator interactions, irrigation strategies, native seed establishment, and edible crop production. On the Hydro building, a non-public rooftop supports a pilot agrivoltaic system—solar panels paired with planters beneath them—to investigate how sunlight can be shared between energy generation and plant growth. In future phases, the Hydro rooftop will be integrated with diverse water sources supplied by the Water TAP lab, enabling controlled irrigation research using stormwater, graywater, and other fit-for-purpose supplies. These integrated systems help advance urban sustainability through applied, interdisciplinary research.

Impact

This project demonstrates how underutilized urban spaces can support sustainable agriculture, renewable energy, and ecological function. Insights from CSU Spur’s rooftop research will inform greener building design and urban food systems in cities across the world.

Partners

This initiative builds on a foundation of research and innovation at CSU Spur:

Colorado State University
- College of Agricultural Sciences – Green Roof Research
- One Water Solutions Institute – Water TAP

Project Photo Gallery

Minus Ultrafiltration Membrane Pilot System

May 6, 2025 1:27 pm

Ultrafiltration Meets Innovation: Piloting the Minus System at Water TAP

Optimizing membrane performance with AI-driven controls

Purpose

To test the performance of ultrafiltration technology on diverse alternative water sources—including stormwater, graywater, rainwater, and industrial flows—while advancing AI and machine learning models for autonomous system control and optimized fit-for-purpose water reuse

Description

Developed by researchers at Georgia Institute of Technology, the Minus ultrafiltration (UF) membrane pilot system is housed inside a 20-foot container at Water TAP. Originally designed to produce potable water from spent filter backwash at drinking water plants, the system is now being tested using urban stormwater collected onsite. The pilot features five hollow-fiber membrane modules, automated control systems, and real-time monitoring equipment, all integrated with programmable logic controllers and online data access. Future testing will expand to include a variety of alternative water sources available at Water TAP—including graywater, rainwater, and industrial sources—allowing researchers to evaluate performance across a range of real-world conditions.

Impact

This project advances sustainable water reuse by exploring how membrane treatment can reliably purify diverse water sources with minimal energy or chemical input. AI-assisted control models aim to improve system performance while supporting future applications like irrigation, green infrastructure, and even edible crop production.

Partners

This collaborative pilot bridges academic innovation and field deployment:

Urban Stormwater Research Takes Root: Bioretention Experimental Test Plots

May 6, 2025 12:42 pm

Urban Stormwater Research Takes Root at CSU Spur: Water TAP's Bioretention Pilot Project

A real-world experiment in Denver is helping shape greener, cleaner stormwater solutions for Colorado communities

Purpose

To evaluate the performance of urban bioretention systems using real stormwater runoff, with the goal of optimizing green infrastructure design for Colorado’s semi-arid climate and demonstrating how stormwater can be used as a fit-for-purpose alternative to potable water for landscape irrigation.

Description

At CSU Spur campus, researchers are leading a four-year study to improve the design and performance of bioretention systems used in urban streetscapes. The project features custom-built test plots that mimic streetside planters found across the Denver metro area, complete with region-specific and experimental media mixtures, vegetation, and stormwater-fed irrigation systems. Using real stormwater runoff collected onsite, researchers are monitoring water quality, flow, and plant health to optimize how these systems function in Colorado’s semi-arid climate.

Impact

Findings will guide more effective, low-maintenance green infrastructure that improves urban water quality, reduces irrigation needs, and supports healthier streetscapes. The research delivers practical insights for planners and engineers seeking resilient, climate-adapted stormwater solutions.

Partners

This collaborative project brings together municipal agencies and CSU experts in water systems, horticulture, and landscape design: